Have you thought about trekking the legendary Inca Trail to Machu Picchu? While the Inca ruins are the ultimate prize, the surrounding nature during the journey is equally stunning. But do you know what natural wonders await you? Read on and discover the fascinating Flora and Fauna of the Inca Trail that will enrich your adventure.
Table of Contents
A Feast for the Eyes: The Flora of the Inca Trail
Orchids: The Jewels of the Trail
Orchids, scientifically known as orchidaceae, are flowers renowned worldwide for their vibrant colors and symmetry. It’s estimated that there are about 30,000 varieties, and while they are found in most places, they avoid deserts and extreme cold zones. On the Inca Trail, around 400 types have been identified, including the “Wiñayhuayna,” which shares its name with an Inca archaeological site. Another notable orchid is the “Waqanki,” tied to an Inca legend of forbidden love and a princess’s tears.
The Puya Raimondi: The Giant of the Andes
Puyas belong to the ‘Bromeliaceae’ family with 180 species in South and Central America, though only 23 are accepted today. The ‘Puya raimondi’ is the most renowned, reaching up to 3 meters in height and is the tallest bromelia in the world, named after naturalist Antonio Raimondi. They’re known for their slow growth, taking up to 150 years to bloom. On the Inca Trail, especially at the beginning, you can observe these plants, with the puya raimondi seen in high areas of Cusco, surpassing 4,000 meters.
Molles
The molle, scientifically known as schinus molle, is a shrub widely cultivated in the Andean region, including the Inca Trail. These trees can grow from 6 to 8 meters and have a trunk up to 30 centimeters wide. Native to the central Andes, they have spread globally due to their heat and arid climate resistance. On the Inca Trail, it’s common to see these shrubs, and locals use their leaves for their analgesic and healing properties.
Cedars
Cedars, scientifically known as “cedrus,” are trees with global presence, belonging to the ‘Coniferous Pinaceae’ family. They are appreciated for their ornamental beauty and fragrant wood. They can measure between 25 and 50 meters, and on the Inca Trail, the ‘Cedrela montana’ stands out. They are famous worldwide, like the cedar of Lebanon, which appears on its national flag. Their wood is valued for its durability and resistance to decay. In the tropical stretch of the Inca Trail, they adorn the landscape.
Queñuales
The queñual, scientifically known as polylepis, is an Andean tree that can grow up to 20 meters and is recognized for its twisted trunk. It’s found in several South American countries under different names and is noted for its ability to grow at altitudes over 5,000 meters above sea level. It’s used as firewood by Andean locals, and over 14 species exist in Peru. It’s visible on the Inca Trail in high Andean zones.
Ferns
Along the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu, trekkers encounter ferns, ancient plants emblematic of the prehistoric era. These plants adorn the landscape with their delicate green fronds, especially in humid and shady areas. In addition to their beauty, ferns reflect the biodiversity of the Andean region and are fundamental to the ecosystem, regulating humidity and providing habitats for various small species.
Floripondios
Floripondios, scientifically known as “brugmansia arborea,” are shrubs native to South America, famous for their conical flowers up to 17 cm, mainly used for decorative purposes. They are common in the tropical region of Cusco, especially at the end of the Inca Trail. However, these flowers contain toxic alkaloids like hyoscyamine, and their consumption can harm both humans and animals.
Pisonay
The pisonay, or “Erythrina edulis,” is an emblematic tree of the Andean region of South America. It stands out for its red flowers and is valued for its ornamental beauty and cultural significance in Andean communities. Besides its use in ceremonies, its cooked seeds are consumed in some areas. It’s an icon of the Andean landscape and reflects ancestral traditions.
Carnations
Air carnations, whose scientific name is ’tillandsia aeranthos’, are a prominent species in South America, especially along the Inca Trail. They are abundant in tropical forests in countries such as Peru and Brazil. They are recognisable by their pink and blue flowers with a pistil longer than their stamens and a tribolate stigma. Although they are ornamental, they do not need soil to grow, as their leaves absorb water and nutrients. They are visible on the final stage of the Inca Trail in the tropical zone of Cusco.
Bamboo Palm
The Bamboo palm, also known as the bamboo palm, is a plant that resembles bamboo due to its slender and tall stems. It’s appreciated for its elegant appearance and its ability to adapt to different conditions. On the Inca Trail, this palm adds tropical beauty to the landscape, thriving in areas where conditions are favorable, especially in the warmer and more humid parts of the journey.
Platanillo
The Platanillo, with leaves resembling those of the banana, is a tropical plant abundant in the moist zones of the Inca Trail. Its presence accentuates the greenery of the Andean landscape and is especially common in the warmer and more humid areas of the route. This plant is acknowledged not only for its beauty but also for its traditional uses in some Andean cultures.
Heliconias
Heliconias, often called “birds of paradise” for their striking and colorful flowers, are a tropical jewel of the Inca Trail. With their unique shapes and bright colors, they bring an exotic touch to the wetter and warmer parts of the route.
Bromeliads
Bromeliads are plants that attract attention due to their rosette shape and, in many cases, their bright flowers. On the Inca Trail, they can be found attached to trees or rocks, adding diversity and color to the vegetation of the tropical zones of the route.
The Fauna: Encounters that will steal your heart
The Spectacled Bear: The Friendly Inhabitant
The spectacled bear, scientifically named “tremarctos ornatus,” is a dweller of the humid Andean forests. It’s recognized by the white patches around its eyes and is primarily herbivorous. Connected to myths and folk dances, it’s also known as ‘ukuku.’ While it’s not aggressive, it’s advisable to keep a distance if spotted on the Inca Trail.
Hummingbirds: The Speedsters of the Air
Hummingbirds are vibrant and agile birds that embellish the Inca Trail with their rapid flights and bright colors. Noted for their ability to hover in one spot, these tiny birds are often found sipping nectar along the route, offering trekkers a spectacular sight and a unique connection to Andean nature. Don’t forget your camera; they move fast!
Andean Puma
The Andean puma, scientifically named “puma concolor,” is a versatile feline that dwells from Canada to the tip of the Andes. Also known as the mountain lion or American lion, this animal can live at altitudes over 5,000 meters and in South America’s tropical forests. Unlike other big cats, it only purrs, and its diet includes camelids and rodents. Despite its vast territory, it avoids human contact, and it’s unlikely to encounter one on the Inca Trail. If you do come across one, it’s advised to make noise and retreat cautiously.
Andean Condor
The Andean condor, with the scientific name “vultur gryphus,” is the second-largest bird globally, only surpassed by the albatross. It resides in the Andes mountain range and feeds on carrion. With a wingspan of up to 3.30 meters, this majestic bird is recognized for its size and sensory abilities. Although it can cover vast distances from high altitudes to the coast, its status is “near-threatened.” Though rare, it’s possible to spot condors at the start of the Inca Trail.
Taruka or Andean Deer
The Andean deer, scientifically named “Hippocamelus antisensis,” is an endangered cervid that lives on the Andean slopes between 1,500 and 3,200 meters altitude. This slender animal, with short fur and small horns, can stand up to 80 centimeters tall. While they can be spotted on the last days of the Inca Trail, they are elusive and tend to quickly distance themselves from humans.
River Wolf
The neotropical otter, scientifically named “lontra longicaudis,” inhabits rivers in Central and South America, especially in mountainous areas up to 3,000 meters in altitude. Visible in Machu Picchu during the rainy season, this carnivorous mammal, which can measure up to 2 meters, is threatened by habitat predation. On the Inca Trail, it’s possible to observe it from afar in the Vilcanota river.
Cock of the Rocks
The “rupicola peruviana,” Peru’s national bird, dwells in Andean-tropical areas of South America. Known as ‘cock of the rocks’ in various regions, males are distinguished by their striking red and black color, while females are gray. These birds, which nest on rocky cliffs, measure 32 cm and are generally solitary. Although they can be seen on the path to the Mándor waterfalls, on the Inca Trail, they are mainly observed in the final days, hidden amongst the mountainous vegetation.
Royal Flycatcher
The “cinclodes aricomae” is a bird endemic to Peru and Bolivia that resides in polylepis forests in mountainous zones between 3,500 and 4,800 meters of altitude. Brown with distinctive white spots near its eyes, it measures 22 cm and is critically endangered. It’s common to spot it on the Inca Trail and the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu.
Torrent Duck
The “merganetta armata,” known as the torrent duck, lives in the rapid rivers of the Andes mountain range, at altitudes of 1,500 to 4,500 meters. It stands out for its plumage and red beak in males, while females have yellowish tones. It measures between 38 and 46 cm. It’s common to observe it in the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu during the rainy season and on the Inca Trail near the Vilcanota river, especially in the early months of the year.
Andean Pit Viper
The snake “Bothrops andianus” is venomous and endemic to the mountainous regions of Cusco and Puno, in Peru. Adults measure around 60 to 70 cm and prefer altitudes between 1,800 and 3,300 meters. Its brown and lead coloration camouflages it well. Although it’s uncommon to see them on the Inca Trail, if you do encounter one, it’s advised not to disturb it and continue on your way.
Andean frog
Telmatobius is a genus of amphibians with more than 64 species, many of which are endemic to the Andean mountain range, inhabiting tropical mountainous regions of countries such as Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. These orange-coloured aquatic frogs measure between 53 and 67 millimetres and live in natural springs and streams. Although they can be seen on the Inca Trail during the rainy season, many of their species are endangered.
Butterflies
During the Inca Trail, “lepidoptera” butterflies are common, with more than 500 species present in the Machu Picchu Historic Sanctuary. Ten percent of Peru’s butterflies are found in this area, being most visible in the final stages of the trek, mainly between altitudes of 1,800 and 2,000 metres. If you want to observe and learn about them you can go to the Butterfly Farm in Aguas Calientes.

Llamas
Llamas, scientifically named Lama glama, are mammals from the Andes domesticated by the Incas for transport, wool, and food. Although they are not seen throughout the Inca Trail, they can be found in Machu Picchu. They are friendly animals but will spit if they feel threatened. You can take photos with them as long as you don’t disturb them.
Inca Wren
The Pheugopedius eisenmanni is a bird known for its distinctive song and is found in the humid mountain areas along the Inca Trail. With its brown-colored plumage and white stripes, the Inca Wren camouflages itself among the vegetation, but its melodious song reveals its presence.
Mountain Clocker
The Grallaria andicola is a bird typical of the mountainous zones and is usually found at high altitudes on the Inca Trail. Its name is derived from its fast and agile movements, similar to the hands of a clock. With plumage that varies between brown and gray tones, it is known for its distinctive song that resonates in the Andean mountains.
How to Respect and Care for this Natural Treasure?
It is crucial for all visitors to be aware of the importance of preserving this place. Do not touch or pick plants, do not feed the animals, and always follow the marked path. Remember, it’s a heritage we want to endure.
Tips to Enjoy Flora and Fauna
- Bring Binoculars: They will help you appreciate animals from a distance without bothering them.
- Be Respectful: Don’t get too close to the animals and don’t leave trash.
- Local Guides: A guide will help you identify and learn about the flora and fauna you see.
Now that you know a bit about the Flora and Fauna of the Inca Trail, you’re ready to embark on this adventure. And even though Machu Picchu is the grand finale, remember that the surrounding nature will be the real show. Good luck and enjoy the journey!
Frequently Asked Questions
Want to know the most elusive animal you might see?
On the Inca Trail, one of the most elusive animals hikers might have the opportunity to spot is the Andean puma. These felines tend to avoid areas frequented by humans and prefer the mountainous areas of Cusco. Although rare, their presence is a testament to the rich ecosystem of the region.
Why is the Flora and Fauna of the Inca Trail So Rich?
The secret lies in the variety of microclimates found along the route. From arid zones to true cloud forests, the Inca Trail has everything to surprise you.
What actions can be taken to be a responsible tourist and protect the natural environment of the trail?
To be a responsible tourist and protect the natural environment of the trail, actions can be taken such as avoiding collecting species of flora and fauna, not feeding wild animals, and maintaining a safe distance from them.
Are there plants that should be avoided because they are poisonous or cause irritations?
Yes, on the Inca Trail there are some plants that hikers should avoid because they are poisonous or can cause skin irritations. One of the most well-known is the “ortiga brava” or “isupa.” Upon contact, its tiny stinging hairs can cause a painful irritation that lasts several hours. It is always advisable to follow the instructions of local guides and not touch unknown plants to avoid possible discomfort or complications.
Are there animals that might be dangerous or should be observed from a distance?
Yes, on the Inca Trail there are some animals that could be dangerous if disturbed or approached too closely. Among these are:
- Bothrops andianus (venomous snake): Although rare to find on the main trail, they are present in the region and it’s essential not to disturb them if seen.
- Puma (puma concolor): While the chances of encountering a puma are low and they usually avoid contact with humans, it’s crucial to observe them from a distance and not attempt to approach.
- River wolves: Although not inherently aggressive towards humans, it’s important not to try to approach or disturb them.
- Insects and spiders: Some species might be venomous or cause allergic reactions. It’s advisable to carry repellent and be alert.
- Spectacled bear: It’s essential to maintain distance, avoid making sudden movements, and never try to approach or feed it.
While the Inca Trail is relatively safe in terms of fauna, it’s always vital to follow guide recommendations and maintain a safe distance when observing wildlife.
How to book a tour with our team?
It’s natural to feel the desire to visit the Inca Trail. We’re here to help make it happen! If you want more information or wish to book the tour, you can easily contact us via a call or Whatsapp message at +51 901557125, or if you prefer, you can send us an email at ventas@incatrailinperu.com. Our team is eager to provide the best attention, answer your questions, and ensure this experience is truly unforgettable for you.